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The '''sam''' or '''sum''' {{Pronounce|sum}} is the always the first [[matra]] of any an [[taalavartan]]. For example, in [[teentaal]], the first matra, ''Ta'' , is the sam.

[[Category:Indian Music]]The sam is usually stressed when playing and is particularly important when playing in groups. During a performance, one musician provides a steady rhythm by playing theka, while the other improvises. When it is time to switch roles, the two musicians can easily coordinate by using the sam as a marker, since it is the beginning of the avartan. [[Category:Indian DanceTaal]]